Weight loss on a structured hypocaloric diet with or without exercise improves emotional distress and quality of life in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes

AIMS/INTRODUCTION To evaluate the effects of a caloric restricted weight loss program with or without supervised resistance exercise training (EX) on diabetes-related emotional distress and quality of life (QOL) in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a parallel design, 106 men and women with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a prescriptive 16-week caloric restricted diet (D; 6,000-7,000 kJ/day), with (n = 65) or without (n = 41) EX (three times per week). Bodyweight, glycated hemoglobin, diabetes-specific emotional distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID] questionnaire) and QOL (Diabetes-39 [D-39] questionnaire) was assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS A total of 84 participants completed the study (D n = 33, D + EX n = 51). Weight loss was significantly greater in D + EX compared with D (-11.4 ± 5.8 vs -8.8 ± 5.8 kg, P = 0.04 time × diet). Overall, there were significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin, PAID total score and the D-39 dimensions of 'diabetes control', 'anxiety and worry', 'sexual functioning', 'energy and mobility', 'overall rating of QOL' and 'severity of diabetes' (P ≤ 0.01 for time). The D-39 dimension, 'social burden', did not change (P = 0.07 for time). There was no difference between groups in the response for any of these variables (P ≥ 0.10). CONCLUSION A structured caloric restricted diet with or without EX improves emotional distress and QOL in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial was registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.anzctr.org.au; ACTR No: ACTRN12608000206325).